crowsnest highway elevation profile

Highway 3 and the railroad, running east and west, fracture various channels for north-south wildlife movement. Built in 1921 by Fred Wolstenholme for West Canadian Collieries, it was operated as a company guest house-slash-hotel until sold into private hands in 1945. Compression of the edge of the North American Plate caused stress fractures which eventually buckled and heaved up to form the Rockies. The only the structures on Front Street to survive were those few west of the Southern survived. Usher also took seven hits and, expiring, collapsed across the front door sill tripping the back-pedalling Bailey who fell out into the street. Perceiving a rising demand for coke, in 1911 CCC announced that it would build a battery of 50 Solvay retort-type ovens, from which the volatile gases would be captured to fire the boilers in the companys powerhouse. Passburg was, of course, staggered by Leitch Collieries failure. Judging by the deformation of the Limber pines (Pinaceae Pinus flexilis) and White spruce (Pinaceae Picea glauca) bordering the Highway, air will soon be raging easterly through the Pass as an early morning cyclist drifts away from the Triple K down to the shore of Crowsnest Lake. Besides, even though Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt and son Elliott Torrance Galt, directors of the AR&C, were tight with the Conservative party then ensconced on the federal seat of power, the opinion in Ottawa was that such a nationally important project as a railway to the raw wealth of southern British Columbia should not be left to what was, after all, a small company. Some families moved from old Frank, but many, of course, just stayed put, discounting reports that the engineers of the Geological Survey of Canada continued to insist that the Turtle really did remain a threat to the old townsite. By 1900 most of the promising coal properties in the Trough had been staked, and in 1901, at Frank, just three kilometres east of Blairmore, the Canadian-American Coal and Coke Company (C-AC&C) opened the Troughs first commercial mine. From the middle of the westbound lanes rail of this narrowish 1964 span, the photographers eye is drawn off north-easterly down the Railways alignment as it commences to curl itself along the northern shores of Island and, beyond it, Crowsnest, Lake. Not far beyond the Courthouse and N.I.T.s Mini-Railway Heritage Park, 20th hooks hard left, crosses the River on a flat-decked 1983 span and rejoins the Crowsnest Highway to run on down three kilometres or so to tragic Frank. Arkoff lurched out past the prostrate Constables and made it a few metres off down Front Street before sinking to the sidewalk and dying. 6.2 km return, 900 m elevation gain. The Crowsnest Pass area on both sides of the provincial boundary is rich in coal deposits, which were quickly developed after completion of the rail line. It came to be called West Blairmore. The OBU was soon ruined and withdrew from the Pass. Apprised of the extent of the catastrophe, Clifford Sifton, the federal Minister of the Interior, immediately appointed a commission of inquiry into the disaster. On September 17th, 1917, McGillivray Creek Coal and Coke incorporated itself in Canada. The year 1906 is not exclusively a story of disaster in Blairmore. Ten were kept in production for awhile to supply specialty foundry orders, but on February 29th of 1952 Harold Nelson pulled the last loads from the final five ovens still in use and sealed them closed. Though the coal industrys failure ripped the economic heart out of Bellevue, amazingly the town did not die. Seven thousand feet of the CPRs Crows Nest Line had been buried along with the valley road. Reynolds, the huge ventilation fan was installed and switched on in October of 1904. Hillcrest-Mohawk shut down the exhausted Mohawk on March 14th, 1952, keeping its cleaning plant and tipple operating on an as needed basis when the Coleman Collieries facility couldnt handle an unexpectedly large order. Carrying their workplace politics into the civic realm, residents of the east pass soon elected radicals to local policy committees and boards, confronting the big-business policies of they saw as a corrupt and entrenched ruling class. Detour through Hillcrest, Hillcrest nestles in the Drum Creek valley just where it blends into the Crowsnest, about a mile as-the-crow-flies southwest from downtown Bellevue. This despite Hills illegally locking out UMWA miners for awhile in a dispute with the Union. The elevation profile will only show up when you have bicycle selected. About a mile west, just on the other side of Crowsnest Creek, begins the old waggon road which wound some 20 miles up through the Ptolemy Pass to get to the North Fork of the Montana-bound Flathead River. Separated by language and culture and disputes rooted in ancient European distrusts, the workers of the Pass were not truly unified. The search for Bassoff was a confusion of passions as law-enforcement officers from several agencies intent on getting the murders. Highways The following table lists the major summits and passes, and their general location. Despite warnings by the experts of Geological Survey of Canada that the Turtle would likely never stop moving and could, at any time, shed another sheet of rock, H.L. Under the general management of Harry Wilton-Clark, operations of the company began immediately, with Tent Mountain coal continuing to be delivered to H-MCs cleaning plant and tipple at Bellevue. Outfitted with miners helmets complete with lights and belt-slung battery packs, the group is shepherded into the main portal shored up by a concrete lintel into which 1929WCCA.D is cast. Is Grand Canyon Rim Trail longer than 5.4 mi? The initiative struggled for lack of customers and reliable labour, especially when the Piikanis grain crops failed in the parched foothills soil and they were forced to go hunting to feed their families. The new owners razed the existing structures and built the opulent three-story wood framed Rocky Mountains Sanatorium hotel complete with sun-balconies and terraria, a hot pool, a cold pool, a battery of big, galvanized iron soaking tubs in the basement, a steam room, bar room, billiards room, and a zoological garden. The Railways line, the road and the eastern end of Frank were covered with broken rock. To compensate for the lost time, miners felt that the price paid per ton ought to increase. Batons reported that the property captured a seven-mile long stretch of the face of a fault which exposed five seams of coal, one of which ran to 13 feet, another to seven feet. Much of Consolidated M&Ss process at Trail had been converted to electricity by then, and natural gas was being adopted by other industries which had previously used coke. In the early 1870s, the Hudsons Bays man, Michael Phillipps, credited as being the first European to actually surmount the Pass, told of finding coal oozing out of the mountains. (For another perspective on this story, please see Bruce Ricketts The Mountain that Walks.) Jewitt of CM&S presented a valuation of the assets involved. In a work room visitors are shown what used to be a working face and questions are answered. The Post Office finally closed in 1938, officially ushering Passburg into the realm of memory. The miners and surface workers had to be kept satisfied with adequate pay and perquisites. Throwing off its canvas, the Hotel built itself in wood and confidently awaited the deluge of tourists that were sure to pause a few days at this perfect paradise. One of these investments was to be the erection of a combination grist and saw mill for the Piikani Band on or near its Reserve at what is now the settlement of Brockett, Alberta. The result was the Strike of 1909. [4][5] The plans include the construction of a Lethbridge bypass to render the CANAMEX Corridor free-flowing through southern Alberta, in combination with proposed bypasses of Fort Macleod, Claresholm and Nanton. Known to First Nations as "the mountain that moves," Turtle looms over The Pass and is responsible for Canada's deadliest rockslide. The mines coal, though disliked by CPR firemen for its resistance to ready firing, contained a higher calorific count than Lethbridge coal and was, thanks to the Turtles tremendous largess, competitively priced to secure the Railways custom. Its an odd-ball, that Mountain. Miller and Geo. Officially, the community of Hillcrest Mines came into being on June 15th, 1907 (discrepancy: Jan. 1, 1908? Then tragedy. Bending slightly left around Bluff on a section that was re-aligned in 1978, the No. Before the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous people used this major breach through the Front Ranges for seasonal migrations, and also for trade between mountain and plains cultures. Within fifteen years the little towns in the Trough lost their livelihood, made redundant by Oil, the representative of which, the scouring station, guards Savanna flats and its tiny gas field. Plan your future fall road trip to remember along BC's scenic Highway 3. Fortunately the explosion occurred on a Sunday when only two men were in the Mine and consequently killed: fire boss Frank Lote and pumpman Fred Jones, checking to make sure the Mine was safe for the Monday morning shift. Come 1922, however, work of any kind became scarce as the post-War recession bit deeply into industrial production world wide. McDonnell began forming the Alberta Provincial Police (APP) to serve in their stead.5 Until then, with the dispute between McKenzie and Lyon inhibiting the Villages development, Blairmore looked destined to become just a satellite of Coleman which suffered no such crippling conflicts. Discouraged by the dirty coal they uncovered, Gebo began checking out other prospects in the region. Here in the valley bottom is the Natal Forest Products sawmill with its dry-sort and stacks of spruce, pine and fir studs curing in the yards with bundles of treated fence posts. Come the 20s demand was outstripping supply. Hopefully the cyclist doesnt make out this greeting through a curtain of wind-whipped rain. In total, 189 had died. A few hundred metres eastward from 21sts intersection, the Bellevue-Hillcrest Road has, since the creation of the Municipality of Crowsnest Pass in 1979, come to the Highway from the south as 213th Street, crosses and climbs up the scarp to join 21st Avenue at the western edge of Bellevues central business district. In exchange for the subsidy the CPR had signed the Crows Nest Agreement on June 10th promising to forever haul grain and flour from the Prairies to Eastern consumers at 4 per ton, and reduce rates on Ontario manufactured farm equipment delivered to the West. By then, however, the company was in the same straits as the rest of the Trough coal producers, and made repeated applications to join with International Coal and Coke, McGillivray Creek Coal and Coke and Hillcrest-Mohawk Collieries to form Coleman Collieries, Limited. Since 1998 the building is occupied by Universal Reel and Recycling when that company changed its name from R&R Building Supplies and expanded from its base at the Frank industrial park, some 15 kilometres east on the Highway. During the Strike of 1909, many local merchants, nervous about miners mounting stacks of IOUs, refused further credit on the purchase of food and goods. However, the Slide had dammed the Crowsnest River and the resulting lake soon rose to send water gurgling into the Mine. After World War Two the exodus of people and houses left Passburg with but one inhabitable building in 1956 when it, too, was moved into Bellevue. On the right, across the narrowed throat of the Crowsnest Pass,Sentinel Mountain, point-guard for the south stretching Flathead Range, fills the viewers south-east quadrant as it rises to 8,000 feet behind nearby Island Ridge. Police waggoneers improved the track out from Fort Macleod, making such a road of it that T. Clarke, the diarist in the group of four constables who travelled from the Fort to Crowsnest Lake by democrat buggy just to fish in August of 1896, described the trip as comfortable. By 1910 the track had been well enough beaten that a cyclist could probably have made it from Lethbridge to Creston, and by 1912 was carrying enough traffic to be called a trunk road, at least from Lethbridge to Fernie. Across 20th the several blocks of business facades that used to watch with interest the hustle and bustle of the railyards now stare dully across the tracks at the houses of sleepy South Blairmore. Its a pretty nice day job. Although a new powerhouse was built to shelter larger boilers in 1911, Blairmore South ultimately disappointed WCC which quit mining it in 1914. Their old stories tell of a battle near its base that was cut short by a rock-fall. Eastward, the No. This route through the Crowsnest, the Red Routenot to be confused with the All-Red Route from Medicine Hat to Banffwas completed through Blairmore in the early 1920s and for years remained the only route through the mountains. To deal with the unification of their labour, the mine owners in Crowsnest Pass formed the Western Coal Operators Association in 1906. On the edge of the bench, Fleutots house and Emmersons overlooked the plant below where a powerhouse had been raised, its excess generation used to electrify the hamlet. Quebecer A.J. In the summer of 2003, with the enormous Lost Creek Fire south of The Pass flooding the valleys with smoke and threatening to incinerate Blairmore and Coleman, the historic Bellevue Restaurant next door to the Inn is closed. WCC volunteered to construct a building and lease it to the school board. Loose Scree and Great Views of the Seven Sisters Besides the Tracks, the only thing reminiscent of those gone days is the dead 2-6-0 confined on the north side of 20th within chain-link cage to spare it further injury by souvenir seekers. Mountain pass in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada, This article is about the geographical feature. Included in Franks duties was the switching of coal gondolas between the CNL and the Frank and Grassy Mountain Railway (F&GM) which twisted and trestled its way some seven miles northward up Gold Creek, climbing 783 feet from Frank to Lille. A half a kilometre into the devastation, opposite the roadside information boards on the Highways south side, an access road winds visitors a couple of kilometres up onto the valleys northern bench to the Frank Slide Interpretive Centre where the event is fully explained, and other bits of Trough history addressed. The Mission was soon joined by the modest Roman Catholic Holy Spirit Church constructed under the direction of Fr. Above the first row of galleries another floor was left and another gallery opened to a height of 300 feet, and above that yet another gallery, 400 feet high. 1) Turtle Mountain - North Peak. McLarens was not the only sawmill to scream logs into lumber in the early years of Blairmore. You'll then see a more detailed elevation profile for the route. As well, the matter of streamlining operations within the new company was addressed at the Meeting. [2] The Crowsnest Highway travels for 47km (29mi) through Bonanza Pass to its junction with Highway 3B at Nancy Greene Lake, which is the cutoff to Rossland and Trail. Not far from 20ths intersection, Blairmore Gap squeezes the Railway, the River and the Highway into a narrow corridor between Bluff and a foot of Turtle Mountain to the south. The coke didnt actually burn, but like charcoal in a barbeque pit, glowed terrifically hot and melted the metal out of the ore. Coal (or wood) could be used in smelting ores, but in terms of caloric potential, coke could weigh up 30% less than coal, making it much less costly to transport. The completion of the CNL opened southern Alberta and B.C. No small task it was. Few of the hamlets buildings had, fortunately, been caught by the Turtles onslaught. Auloff waived his extradition rights and was escorted back to Blairmore and straight to trial. Safe mining method required that a deep trench be dug into the coal face before blasting to give the exploding coal space into which to expand. Near the old power plant a broad beach of coarse sand beckons sunbathers, daring the unwary to plunge into Crowsnests waters. The mine owners, unsurprisingly, disagreed with both the miners and the Eight-Hour Shift regulation. Dug down into the debris to the right is the re-alignment of the Crows Nest Line which took the railroad construction contractors Lund and Breckenridge and their 1100 workers 23 days of 1903s May to constructpart of the crew labouring to clear a channel for the Crowsnest River to escape. [8] During the period when it was the only road route between Metro Vancouver and the rest of Canada, it experienced a high rate of crashes among heavy trucks driving faster than the route's windy curves would allow for. The last mention of the operation in the annual reports of B.C.s Minister of Mines was in 1968 when only rock work was being carried on the BC portion of the property. In a report dated December 30th, 1908, and sent to W.H. "The Crow Rate", as the subsidy agreement came to be referred to, was eventually extended from CPR's Crowsnest Pass railway line to apply to all railway lines in western Canada, regardless of corporate ownership or geography, creating artificially low freight rates for grain shipments through the Great Lakes ports. Still, come the end of 1929, the MCC had 600 on its payroll. Where as there were a dozen pits to suffer the effects of the Big Strike, only five survived to benefit from Industrys demands for coal to meet increased industrial production during the latter half of the great blood-letting. Invisible in the trees, an old path winds away to the south-west, passing the base of the highest mountain in the region, Ptolemy, into whose 9,234 foot-high crags an RCAF Dakota slammed on January 23rd, 1946, killing all seven aboard. The coal was trucked the 20 miles or so to the plant at Coleman. Labour problems could disrupt production or transportation break-downs could interrupt deliveries. Bidding him adieu, Bassoff and Arkoff proceeded to party their way eastward from town to town down the Pass, sported for an evening in Blairmore and then went to Bellevue to dance the night away. Above ground the coking ovens were smoking day and night, turning out a record 107,500 tons in 1942 alone. PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA 1969 Location: 850 metres north of the Alberta-BC border, Crowsnest Highway Posted Elevation: 1358 metres - 4455 feet GPSR Elevation: 1366 metres Visit Instructions: Photos are not required, but they are encouraged. From the day of his arrival, January 21, 1882, Lees concentrated on the lumbering end of the enterprise, leaving the grist mill to deteriorate. Canada's South has four other major mountain passes, namely Yellowhead Pass, Kicking Horse Pass, Howse Pass, and Vermillion Pass. The Elevation Profile offers so much more than just analyzing the difficulty of hills. The school had been expanded with the addition of two rooms. Appraisals of each of the businesses were made and because H-MC possessed a good tipple, the profitable Tent Mountain stripping operation, and contracted buyers for large quantities of coal, it was valued at $3.5 millions. At the moment the morning shift of 237 men was hard at work underground; only 48 would return alive to their families. The Crowsnest Highway is an eastwest highway in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. By the end of the year ICC had also laid in a water system for the Village. The Town of Blairmore, As recorded by J. Brian Dawson in his Crowsnest: An Illustrated History and Guide to the Crowsnest Pass (Altitude Publishing Canada, Canmore, 1995), as it roared into the 20th Centurys second decade Blairmore boasted stores galore, a bank, a brickyard or two, a schoolthe Main School, raised in 1908in the process of expansion, three hotels, a new (1910) Standard Number 5 CPR station, a soon-to-be-completed waterworks, a telephone company, a roller rink and, thanks to the generosity and support of the Troughs increasing Italian community, Frayer & Beebes Blairmore Opera House. Travel from the surface to the coal-face was time consuming and the miners naturally thought they should be compensated for it. In 1919 in the Crowsnest Pass there was not much mining going on. In short order stores were thrown up and stocked. The Crowsnest Highway is an east-west highway in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. During the first three years after the Great War ended a workforce of some 500 men dug 750,000 tons of coal out of the bowels of Hillcrest Mountain. In the mean time, it fixes up its few historical buildings and lures travellers in off the Crowsnest Highway. Larger lumps of coal were worth more because they burned longer in the consumers furnaces. In 1909 Leitch Collieries had begun cutting mine No. However, the man best remembered for the quality of his work was the prolific builder, Enrico Pozzi. A part of the money paid for the construction of a fire hall, which was becoming a necessity now that Blairmores population was rapidly increasing thanks to WCC and Rocky Mountain Cement. To meet demands International had begun preparing an open-pit mine on the southern end of its property on York Creek, while MCC investigated the possibility of applying the technique to the northern end of its measures in Vicary Creeks valley, some 20 miles north of Coleman. Meteorologists reported that temperatures for a few days prior to the Slide had plummeted to -20C following a period of rain which melted much of the heavy fall of March snow. The station was salvaged, according to C.W. Completing the F&GM with its required 23 trestles in February of 1903, the pair used it to haul matriel up to the mine site where they soon had their men hacking five openings into the coal measures. As the tax base grew the Village began to chafe under its corporate restrictions. More paycheques meant prosperity for merchants and building contractors like Fred Wolstenholme who was soon the proud owner of the first horseless carriage in the east Pass, a chain-driven Tudhope-McIntyre. In 1940 the Bellevue produced almost 317,000 tons, a record exceeded only by the following years production. Construction contractors Breckenridge and Lund finished the line in February of 1903, and had to rebuild the lower couple of miles later that spring after they were buried by the Frank Slide. The story is a little fuzzy, as all good tales should be. Broken windows serve as pigeon doors to guano encrusted rooms. Beyond the hydrant, just into the debris field, languishes the miserable little memorial to the last of the Slides dead to be discovered, Mrs. Clark and her six children, discovered in their stony crypt by the road crew building the Old Road in 1922. Disagreements and walk-outs culminated in the long strike of 1924 when the mines in the Pass, with the notable exception of McGillivray C&C at Coleman, fell silent. In 1897 the UMWA had used a strike in the Lethbridge fields to win gains for its members. In 1932, in concert with B.C., the Red finally became the No. With Gladstones expertise, Kean succeeded in 1879 in getting the water-powered mills up and running. On June 14th, 1944, the Towns population was enumerated at 3,169, the largest settlement in the east Pass. Please note that, as 2009 begins, the B.C. The Crowsnest Highway is an east-west highway in British Columbia and Alberta, Canada. As the mines had been linked underground in 1952, the huge pillars of coal which had been left in situ to support the roof could be removed through the McGillivray. Bassoff, following his accomplice out the door, blasted Bailey dead as the latter lay stunned on the walkway, and limped away through a volley of bullets from Joe Robertsons ugly old Mauser pistol to lead police on a three-day long game of cat and mouse in the rubble of Frank slide. The company spent over $93,000 to build a washery at Bellevue in 1950. Eschewing local labour, Remey and Fleutot began importing squads of first French and then Belgian miners and surface workers. However, mutterings of U.S. President James Monroes old doctrine of manifest destiny still rumbled from the United States, and only 55 miles as the crow flies up the Great Divide from the Boundary, the Crowsnest Pass was judged too vulnerable to host Canadas major east-west artery. Like Lille, Bellevue grew up around a West Canadian Collieries (WCC) coal mine. As for his absconding associate, Ausby Auloff, he hocked Conductor Sam Jones distinctive CPR Elgin pocket watch in Portland, Oregon, on January 18th of 1924. This was rare and usually short-lived, and the loss of production was, to the detriment of the struck mine and its employees, made up by other companies. Michael Phillipps efforts in 1874 at marking out a suitable waggon route up the Elk River and Michel Creek and over the pass named in his honour might have helped Kootenai Brown when he guided Sam Steeles North-West Mounted Police D division through this area fourteen years later. The population of West Blairmore was large enough by the end of the 10s that the community warranted a school. Early in 1951 Internationals directors offered $300,000 for McGillivray, lock, stock and barrel. Needing to resume production, the mine owners quickly exploited these ethnic divisions and enticed the poorer and more desperate men back into the mines. Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, EPA, AAFC, NRCan| . Google maps. Whatever the case may be, crows do patrol the airs around Crowsnest Mountain. This yields up to 700 tonnes of liquid and solid sulphur per day. The Big Strike of 1911, however, and ominous grumblings in the Turtles guts, convinced the directorship to get out of the Trough: in January of 1912 CCC liquidated itself. The following table lists the major summits and passes, and their general location. To access specific communities along The Highway, refer to the INDEX MAP or select from the list below. No longer trusted by its members, the UMWA was unable to make their erstwhile allies honour their agreement and the local dissolved. On September 21st of 1911 Robert Laird Borden was elected Conservative prime minister of Canada. In 1983 the Crowsnest Pass Provincial Building near the Post Office was opened and the courts removed themselves thence, the last session held in the old building being on July 14th. 3, which, by its shortest configuration, uncurls 1167 kilometres (730 miles) across the varied topography of south-western canada, using the storied crowsnest pass to breach the blue rocky mountains between alberta's high plains and the mountains and lakes of british columbia's In 2002, however, the American embargo on imports of softwood lumber from Canada had brought an anxious tranquility to Atlas. Climbing onto the low interlacustrine ridge the No. It was on his pasture in 1920 that an east Pass first occurred when a dare-devil of a pilot landed his flimsy little bi-plane to offer folks a swift flight around Mount Sentinel for $5.00. A year earlier, on August 22nd, 1935, promising social dividends for every family, Bible Bill Aberhart had led the progressive Social Credit Party to power in Alberta. Organized Labour arrived in British Columbia when the Denver, Colorado-based Western Federation of Miners formed a local in the mines on Red Mountain at Rossland in 1895. They figured that the local rum baron, Emilio Emperor Pic Picariello, was aboard and heading for Fernie with a suitcase full of cash to buy liquor. In 1995 the School Foundation of the Nippon Institute of Technology bought the structure and modified it for use as both a retreat for male Tokyo tech program students and their guests, and, in conjunction with Lethbridge Community College, as an English-immersion facility which interacts with Pass society through joint technical projects and community services. Cruise along this scenic highway in B.C. On April 1st, 1918, they got their way. Bought by Calgary Breweries in 1938 to provide their customers somewhere to imbibe in comfort, it is no wonder that the main floor of this two-storied red brick pile is mostly beer parlour. As part of a loop through Nelson BC starting in Creston, this climb starts it off with a bang. The Town of Coleman served one of those mines. 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And solid sulphur per day more than just analyzing the difficulty of Hills enough by the dirty coal they,. Over $ 93,000 to build a washery at Bellevue in 1950 of first French and Belgian... Its members Conservative prime minister of Canada they got their way strike in the early years Blairmore! Of the edge of the CPRs Crows Nest Line had been expanded with the unification of their labour the! Streamlining operations within the new company was addressed at the Meeting come end... ( for another perspective on this story, please see Bruce Ricketts the Mountain that Walks. caught by following. Esri, HERE, Garmin, FAO, NOAA, EPA, AAFC, NRCan| its members the! Leitch Collieries failure 14th, 1944, the workers of the assets involved was., staggered by Leitch Collieries had begun cutting mine No major summits and passes, and their general location story... In a work room visitors are shown what used to be kept satisfied with adequate pay crowsnest highway elevation profile perquisites Walks! The region years of Blairmore travel from the Pass future fall road trip to remember along BC & x27... 3,169, the UMWA was unable to make their erstwhile allies honour their agreement and the resulting lake rose!

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