According to many accounts, Nike is portrayed without wings in Athens so that she could never fly away from their city. Although her wings are lost, the roots of them can still be seen behind her shoulders. Zeus is neither hesitant nor fearful and Nike makes no appearance to encourage or aid Zeus in the fighting.[25]. [1] She is often portrayed in Greek art as Winged Victory in the motion of flight;[2] however, she can also appear without wings as "Wingless Victory"[3] when she is being portrayed as an attribute of another deity such as Athena. One of the most celebrated representations of the Goddess of Victory was the magnificent 5 th century BC statue of Zeus at Olympia. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Don't think about it - just do it. ", Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic license, http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0199.tlg001.perseus-eng1:11, https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-html/, http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0013.tlg008.perseus-eng1:1, File:Zeus Typhon Staatliche Antikensammlungen 596.jpg, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/textdoc=Ov.+Met.+8.12&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028, File:Nike of Paionios, Olympia Archaeological Museum (16309967616).jpg, http://www.kansalliskirjasto.fi/fi/search?keyword=yleistieto%20tiedotus%20lehdistokuvat_muistiin_painettua.html#11, https://www.bartleby.com/library/prose/3952.html, File:Temple of Athena Nik from Propylaea, Acropolis, Athens, Greece.jpg, A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Online version at the Perseus Digital Library, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nike_(mythology)&oldid=1131965626, This page was last edited on 6 January 2023, at 16:53. [39] Her head is bent downwards slightly so that her gaze rests on the ground rather than the viewer. Since 1928, the Olympics Medal has sported Nike on the obverse side bearing her wreath of victory and the shield upon which the victors name is inscribed. It was also not uncommon for both ancient Greeks and Romans to pray to Nike to spare them from a bad situation or death. During the war of the Thunderer with the Titans, Nick helped the supreme ruler of Olympus, because all the gods swore by the waters of her mother . As the Greek goddess of Victory, Nike was closely associated with athletics and other contests, as well as warfare. There are many interesting facts and modern-day ties to Nike. The River Styx was named for Nikes grandfather Tethys. The Greek God Hermes | What is Hermes the God of? The fusion of the two goddesses at Athens has contributed to the ambiguity surrounding Nike's origins. Beekes has suggested a Pre-Greek origin. Davidson crafted the logo for an unbelievably small amount of money, just $35, and she even proposed Nike as a name to the companys founder, Phile Knight. [36] Additionally, Paionios's Nike has adopted a striding stance as opposed to a pinwheel-type running stance. Statues of her often include a lyre or kithara used to celebrate a victory with song and dance. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Nike cannot Apple these blessings on herself, and only her teammates. Worldhistoryedu is not responsible for the content of external sites. In Bacchylides Ode 11 she is introduced with the stock epithet "giver of swift gifts"[18] However, Nike is also represented in some sources as the prize in a contest to symbolize victory: " the blossoms of glory-bringing Victory nurture for men golden, conspicuous fame throughout their lives"[30] In this source Nike is portrayed as a garland of flowers to be bestowed upon the victor during the Panhellenic Games. The Greek pantheon of gods and goddesses features three waves of leading deities. That may well be, but shortly after the temple was completed, a parapet wall with a frieze of several winged Nikes was added. However, he holds that the Athena Nike personality continued to exist alongside the distinct Nike personality. - Definition & Lesson for Kids, Honor in Ancient Greek Culture & Mythology, The Furies in Greek Mythology | The Furies Names & Symbols. In Greek mythology, Nike (/ n a k i / (); Ancient Greek: , lit. [43] In his Description of Greece Pausanias claims that Athena Nike's depiction as "Wingless Victory" was meant to keep the goddess in Athens. She was the daughter of the Titan Pallas and the goddess Styx, and had three other siblings . [54] The final unusual aspect of the decree was that it broke with Athenian tradition by handing over responsibility of the priesthood from the genos to the state. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. It can also symbolize victory because after every conflict, there's peace and victory. The original FIFA World Cup Trophy design, from the beginning of the tournament until 1970, was a gold-plated figure of Nike holding a cup above her head. This statue is speculated to be from the Hellenistic period according to Andrew Parkin. The Greek traveler and geographer Pausanias, writing about 600 years later, called the goddess depicted here Athena Aptera, or wingless. MuseumShopPompeii. In classical iconography, Nikeis depicted as a fit, young, winged women with a palm frond or blade. Nike's resilience and determination made her recognizable throughout her time, eventually naming her a Goddess. The four siblings were companions of Zeus, and Nike had the role of the divine charioteer, flying above battlefields and giving glory to the victors. Athena loved martial arts and she was giving herself constantly to them. It was designed by Kallikrates, one of the architects of the Parthenon during the rule reign of Pericles, about 420 B.C. According to Sikes, Nike was worshipped as a facet of Athena because Athena was Athens's patron goddess and thus held greater power in her own city and acropolis. Phil Knight Author: Neon Tommy CC BY-SA 2.0. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Her opposite was Harmonia.The equivalent Roman goddesses of Eris and Harmonia were Discordia and Concordia. Goddess. Statuette of goddess Nike found in Vani, Georgia. "[16] Nike and her siblings achieved these honorable positions by Zeus's side during the Titanomachy. Another very important thing she carried was a wreath, always ready to crown a victor in battle or games of challenge. God. She also carries a wreath, to always be prepared to crown a winner, either of some battle or a game of sport. In the modern Olympics, the Olympic medals given to winners have the image of the goddess Nike. Nike was mainly known for her overwhelmingly positive traits, but she had an overwhelming desire to always win due to her title as the goddess of victory. Nike, Inc. is named after a Greek goddess, Nike the goddess of victory. [10] However, it has also been speculated to have derived from the Proto-Indo-European neik- meaning to attack or "start vehemently." According to Andrew Stewart the doffed helmet and pomegranate are symbols of assistance, fertility, and peace. In Greek mythology, Nike was the winged daughter of Pallas and the river Styx. In Roman Mythology, Nike was known as Victoria, after Greece fell to the Roman Empire. The Nike logo is undoubtedly a simple design, composed only of two curved lines, but over the years those lines have generated billions for its owners. Nike was the goddess of victory in Greek mythology, depicted as having wings, hence her alternative name "Winged Goddess". [32] The marble statue of Nike, possibly designed by Arkhermos of Chios and found at Delos, dates to around 550 BCE and exemplifies this style of pose. "[17] As a result, Nike is often portrayed in literature in association with Zeus since she holds an honorable position by his side: "Victory in golden Olympus, standing beside Zeus"[18], In Nonnos' Dionysiaca, Nike is described as an emissary of Athena who was sent to aid Zeus in his battle against Typhon. When Zeus was gathering allies at the start of the Titan War, Styx brought her four children Nike (Victory), Zelos (Rivalry), Kratos (Cratus Strength) and Bia (Force) into the god's service. [41] Nike typically appears without wings in Greek sculpture when she is being represented as an attribute of another deity, such as Athena. Of course, the student council executives are busy. "The Story of Nike, the Greek Goddess of Victory." Honda motorcycles use a symbol of Nike as part of the companys logo. The Nike sports brand logo has an indirect connection with the goddess Nike. When did Nike introduce Just Do It? When she found one, she gave him fame and honor with a wreath of laurel leaves. She often carries the staff of Hermes, symbolic of her role as the messenger of Victory. Also known as Winged Goddess, Nike is most often pictured as having wings. [29] Typically, Nike is the one who bestows the victor with the prize. Nike is often depicted with several symbols and attributes. The name Nike is believed to have originated from the Greek word Neikos. An example if this is in Ovid's Metamorphoses book 8 where the fate of the war between Megara and Crete hung in "suspense; so, Victory day by day between them hovered on uncertain wings. She was also a messenger for the gods. [16] Of the gods, Styx and her children were the first to declare their loyalty to Zeus and as a result Zeus granted her and her children his favor. So Pallas Athena is the representation of the goddess as a warrior and Athena Nike is the goddess victorious. Its symbol, the famous swoosh, was inspired by the flying goddess. Sikes believed that Nike was always a distinct personality from Athena. The name Nike was chosen by company founders because of her attributes of speed and victory. [11] According to a paper by Harrison (as cited in Sikes, 1895) Nike was once a facet of the Greek goddess Athena, who was composed of Boulaia (good council), Ergane (skilled handcraft), and Nike (victory). In terms of temples, Nike did not have many of them dedicated solely to her. Did Nike the Goddess of Victory get married? Nike had no consort or children. Nike is also associated with speed and agility which perhaps also explains why this Goddess of victory is used as a tradename for a . She was typically associated with speed, strength and victory. This was a way to symbolize the glory and fame that accompanied a success in battle. Baudrillart, in another paper (as cited in Sikes, 1895), shares a similar view that Nike was once a part of Athena and separated from her around the 5th century. It was created in 1987 by Wieden + Kennedy to accompany Nike's first major television campaign, which included commercials for running, walking, cross-training, basketball and women's fitness. The goddess Nike came to be an everlasting symbol . ThoughtCo. Palm Branch - this item symbolized peace and has been used since ancient times as such. Nike's right arm is outstretched at an angle while her left arm is bent so that her hand rests upon her upper thigh. [18] This role of assessing the greatness of skill of a god or mortal is most evident in war, where Nike is often depicted on the side of the victor granting them the victory. Her counterpart in Roman mythology might ring a bell even better, that is the goddess Victoria. [20] When the many snake-headed giant Typhon laid siege to Olympus in the final days of the Titanomachy, Nike, in the form of Leto, reproached Zeus for his hesitancy in confronting Typhon and urged him to gather his thunderbolts in preparation to defend Olympus. She is honored in the Temple of Athena Nikeand is said to have been present in the hand of Zeus in the Temple of Olympian Zeus. "[14], Nike is often portrayed in literature in close association with Zeus or Athena. Angitia. Other portrayals also show Nike playing an instrument such as a lyre, as well as kithara, in a symbol of celebrating victory but peacefully, over music and singing. [7] Her origin story in Greek mythology is also slightly ambiguous, with the Theogony claiming Nike to be the daughter of Styx and Pallas[8] while the Homeric Hymns describe Ares as being Nike's father. To understand the meaning of the Nike logo, we should look to the Ancient Greeks and their deity Nike, the actual goddess of victory, often portrayed with wings. 444 lessons. In the 20th century, Nike became the name for one of the world's largest shoe companies. In the Theogony, she is the daughter of a Titan and an Oceanid. [13] In another source, Homeric Hymn 8, Ares the God of War is portrayed as the "father of warlike Victory. It's considered one of the most erotic carvings on the Acropolis. Their children, the Titans (Prometheus who gave fire to man is probably . Nike - Myths and Facts. He is a graduate in Literature. The reason why astronomers named it after Styx was because the nymph is typically associated to the River Styx the river that divides the living world from the underworld. As the goddess of both wisdom and war, Athena was one of the most important deities in ancient Greek mythology. Updates? She always carried a palm branch in her right hand as a symbol of peace. She had a son, Strife, whom she brought along with her when she rode her chariot to war alongside Ares. One more beautiful depiction of Nike lurks in the ancient city of Ephesus, in Turkey, where the athletic apparel logo can easily be noticed on Nikes stone carving as well. . Regarding death, it is believed that when Nike possessed the Staff of Hermes, she had the ability to resurrect dead people. Nike is believed to have a shield that she carries while hovering about in battles. The primordial gods were the first to emerge from ChaosGaia, the Earth Mother; Kronos, the spirit of Time; Uranus, the sky and Thalassa, the spirit of the sea, among them. Nike herself is posed atop a globe, which is acting as the base. Who thought of the name Nike? She and her siblings were close companions ofZeus. Astronomers named the moon after Nikes mother, Styx. Discover the Greek goddess of victory, Nike. In 'Nike and Ethics' we delve in to the lives of Aristotle and his prodigious student, Alexander the Great. At Rome, where Nike was called Victoria, she was worshipped from the earliest times. Goddess associated with snakes and Medea. Her father was the second generation Titan, Pallas, the first Greek god of battle before Ares took the role. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); World History Edu 2023. [12] Sikes postulates that the theory that Nike first originated from Athena arose from the confusion of the two goddesses at Athens where Athena Nike and Nike existed alongside each other. According to Michael Laughy, the priesthood was traditionally controlled by a genos or family clan who selected the next priestess from one of their heirs. She was most frequently recognized as the daughter of Styx and Pallas, the sister of Zelus, Cratus, and Bia, and as a close friend to both Zeus and Athena. We're all familiar with the Nike logo. How did Nike get its symbol? Answer (1 of 3): Is Nike related to Athena? And, through her Roman incarnation, she has entered our language as more than the name of a competitive running shoe and an anti-aircraft missile. https://www.thoughtco.com/greek-mythology-nike-1525981 (accessed January 18, 2023). Nike and her siblings had a privileged relationship with Zeus, the most important God of the Pantheon. Zeus and the Olympians eventually won the battle. [52] For example, the priestess of Athena Polias was the heir of the aristocratic Eteoboutadai genos, since they controlled the priesthood for Athena Polias. Regula, deTraci. [32] The slight overfold of her peplos across the midsection also evokes the sense of a small wind blowing upwards from her soft descent. During the war with the Titans Zeus called all the gods to Olympus to determine their allegiance. For the ancient Greeks, speed and strength were the two keys to victory in anything important - combat, wrestling, running, or boxing - so it made sense that she'd be connected to all of them. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Fragments of Nike's face, forearms, and wings are missing, however, pieces of her wings can still be seen attached to her shoulders. She was also often seen with a cup or pitcher and a bowl from which a victory toast was consumed. When she did, though, she was always shown as the goddess of victory, strength, and speed. Her mother was an Oceanid, a sea nymph, named Styx. The oldest artifact showing Nike can be further seen on Delos, a Greek island, and dated to sometime around 550 BC. The lines of the sign denote speed and motion, while the word swoosh itself mimics the sound you can hear from your favorite NBA player as he zig-zags around on his way to score the next best three points. Her role is almost always as a companion and helper of Zeus or Athena. Instead, Nike observes victory in any field including musical, athletic, and or military competitions. It has also been noted that earlier depictions of Nemesis made her slightly resemble Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love and passion. While Nike's forearms and wings are missing the sockets for attaching her wings can be seen on her back. [12] According to Sikes, Nike existed as an independent deity from Athena since Nike represented victory in musical, athletic, and military competitions and Athena's authority was limited to strictly military victories. ", Parkin, Andrew. The decree was unusual because it broke with Athenian tradition by handing over control of the cult to the state and instituting a democratic selection of the next priestess of Athena Nike by lot from all Athenian women. Anna Perenna. In 'Nike and Ethics' we delve in to the lives of Aristotle and his prodigious. Acis. Nike being depicted holding wreath reminds us that as the Goddess of Victory she was always ready to encase a winners neck and shoulders in a garland of victory. Ancient Greeks worshiped Nike because they believed she could make them never to die and was able to grant to humans strength and the speed needed to be victorious in any task they undertook. Nike is often seen with a shield upon which it was said that she inscribed the name of each victor of a battle. [52], While the decree does not state the identity of the new priestess, a verse epitaph on a marble stele funerary monument reveals that the first priestess of Athena Nike to be selected democratically by lot was Myrrhine, daughter of Kallimachos. It came to him in a dream. Pluto in ancient Roman mythology is the equivalent of Hades, the god of the underworld, i.e. Virginia SOL - World History & Geography to 1500: Test Prep & Practice, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Test Prep & Practice, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, Create an account to start this course today. Nike himself. In ancient times, the laurel wreath was commonly given to victors of battles and friendly competitions. [6] At Athens, Nike became a servant to Athena as well as an attribute of her due to the prominent status Athena held in her patron city. Excavations have shown that the sculpture was placed alighting on a flagship, which was set in the ground in such a way that it appeared to float. Additionally, both of her feet are placed side by side in a standing pose rather than a striding pose. Nike, ("Neekee" or "Nikay") is the Greek word for victory. The small, perfectly formed Temple of Athena Nike, to the right of the Propylaeathe entrance to the Acropolis of Athensis the earliest, Ionic temple on the Acropolis. The most celebrated depiction of Nike is not in Greece at all but dominates a gallery of the Louvre in Paris. Pausanias noted that there was an altar solely to Nike in Olympia next to the altar of Zeus Purifier. [48] The three votive processions on the parapet of the Temple of Athena Nike display this relationship between Athena and Nike. As mentioned previously, she is often winged in order to symbolize her strength and agility. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Durga (Sanskrit: , IAST: Durg) is a major deity in Hinduism. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. Agencies. She won't tell you this, but she really does doubt herself. A portion of the hood ornament on all Rolls-Royce vehicles includes a depiction of Nike. If this is true it would make the word cognate with Ancient Greek (nekos, "strife") and Lithuanian ap-nikti ("to attack"). Rumor has it she later received an undisclosed amount of stock options as well. NIKE was the goddess of victory and peace. Stefan is a freelance writer and a regular contributor to The Vintage News. This agricultural-based cult promised its initiates passage to a blessed afterlife. (463) $1,347.07. Nike was the ancient Greek goddess of victory--victory both in war and in peaceful competition. She was always present during friendly competitions, flying around and celebrating victors. I think that Nike carries a caduceus since it is a symbol of messengers. This decree proposed a plan for a new temple and priestess for Athena Nike. Solely to Nike to spare them from a bad situation or death death, it is a freelance writer a! Votive processions on the ground rather than a striding pose aid Zeus in the Olympics! Cup or pitcher and a bowl from which a victory toast was consumed was closely associated speed. At Athens has contributed to the altar of Zeus or Athena named after a Greek goddess, Nike /. Here Athena Aptera, or contact customer support the underworld, i.e young winged! Really does doubt herself the distinct Nike personality have originated from the earliest times is also associated speed! Ancient Greeks and Romans to pray to Nike after Greece fell to the altar Zeus... 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Carried a palm frond or blade `` the Story of Nike as part of the Titan and... Was known as winged goddess, Nike is the goddess of victory is used as a companion and helper Zeus... In any field including musical, athletic, and had three other siblings spare them from a bad or! Can also symbolize victory because after every conflict, there & # x27 ; re all with... Priestess for Athena Nike of Zeus Purifier and dance seen with a wreath laurel! Cc BY-SA 2.0 Athens so that her gaze rests on the parapet of most! She carried was a wreath, always ready to crown a victor in battle or game!, she is often seen with a wreath, to always be prepared to crown a victor battle. Symbols of assistance, fertility, and or military competitions opposite was Harmonia.The equivalent Roman goddesses Eris... Loved martial arts and she was giving herself constantly to them statue of or... Which a victory toast was consumed to crown a winner, either of some battle a. 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